Smoke & CO detector safety guide

Practical, Canadian-focused guidance on choosing, installing, and maintaining smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms — and what to do if one goes off.

Buying a detector

  • Look for a recognized Canadian certification mark such as CSA, ULC, cULus, or cETLus.
  • Choose a CO alarm that meets CSA 6.19 and a smoke alarm that meets CAN/ULC-S531.
  • Avoid uncertified products from online marketplaces; several recent Health Canada recalls involve these alarms.
  • Consider a combination smoke/CO alarm only if it is certified for both hazards.

Smoke alarm placement

  • Install smoke alarms on every storey of the home, including the basement.
  • Place one outside each sleeping area and, where possible, inside every bedroom.
  • Keep alarms at least 3 m from cooking appliances to reduce false alarms.
  • For the best coverage, choose photoelectric or dual-sensor alarms.

CO alarm placement

  • Inside each bedroom, or outside each bedroom within 5 m of the bedroom door.
  • On every storey of the home, especially near sleeping areas.
  • Follow the manufacturer’s recommended mounting height — CO mixes with air, so height matters.
  • Keep alarms away from windows, vents, bathrooms, and dusty areas.

Maintenance

  • Test every alarm monthly by pressing the test button.
  • Replace batteries at least once a year, or when the low-battery chirp sounds.
  • Replace smoke alarms every 10 years and CO alarms every 7–10 years (follow the manufacturer’s date stamp).
  • Never paint over or disable a smoke or CO alarm.

If the alarm sounds

  • Leave the building immediately and get fresh air.
  • Call 911 or your local emergency number from outside.
  • Do not re-enter until emergency responders clear the building.
  • Have all fuel-burning appliances inspected by a qualified technician before using them again.

Recommended products

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Frequently asked questions

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Emergency? If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, leave immediately and call 911. This website is for reference only and is not a substitute for professional advice or emergency services.